Image credits

Credits for locally included photographs and artwork. Images are resized and compressed for the web; card previews may crop their display. Full article images preserve the photographed scene. Any adapted versions remain under the original image license where required.

Bowl with Geometric Designs, Damascus, 1450–1500. Brass inlaid with silver and gold. Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1945.133. — Unidentified maker. CC0 under Cleveland Museum of Art Open Access; item explicitly permits copying, modification, distribution. Source · Original image file

Entrance of Dallas Museum - Mar 3, 2009. — cliff williams. CC BY-SA 2.0. Source · Original image file

Entrance to the Dallas Museum of Art in Dallas, Texas. — Carol M. Highsmith. Public domain. Source · Original image file

Dar al-Islam Mosque in Abiquiu, New Mexico, photographed in 2005. — Omar Bárcena. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file

Dar al-Islam Mosque in Abiquiu, New Mexico, photographed in 2006. — Margo Maier-Moul. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file

Charles A. Platt’s drawing of the north exterior elevation of the Freer Gallery of Art. — Charles A. Platt. Public domain. Source · Original image file

The Smithsonian’s Freer Gallery of Art. — Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China. CC0. Source · Original image file

Exterior of the David Geffen Galleries at LACMA, October 2026. — Superraptor123. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file

Abd al-Majid Taleqani, Page of Calligraphy, Iran, 1763. Ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1946, 46.126.4. — Abd al-Majid Taleqani. Public Domain; The Met Open Access. Source · Original image file

Garden Gathering, attributed to Iran, probably Isfahan, 1640–50. Stonepaste, polychrome glazed. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1903, 03.9c. — Unidentified maker. Public Domain; The Met Open Access. Source · Original image file

Shangri La, home of Doris Duke, Honolulu, Hawaii. — Carol M. Highsmith. Public domain. Source · Original image file

Shangri La, home of American philanthropist Doris Duke, Honolulu, Hawaii. — Carol M. Highsmith. Public domain. Source · Original image file

Shangri La is the Honolulu, Hawaii, home of American philanthropist Doris Duke. — Carol M. Highsmith. Public domain. Source · Original image file

Al-Farooq Masjid, Atlanta 1. — JJonahJackalope. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file

Al-Farooq Masjid, Atlanta 4. — JJonahJackalope. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file

Al-Farooq Masjid, Atlanta 3. — JJonahJackalope. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file

Islamic Society of Boston, Cambridge. — Qubbat3924. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file

Islamic Society of Boston entrance. — Chris Rycroft. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file

Islamic Center of America in Dearborn, photographed in 2008. Resized and converted to WebP. — Dane Hillard; edited version by Wikimedia Commons contributors. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file

Architectural visualization of the Ismaili Center Houston by Bloom Images, dated 2021; not a photograph of the completed building. — Bloom Images. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file

Somali Museum of Minnesota-Minneapolis, MN USA. — Myotus. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file

Somali Museum of Minnesota Exhibit. — Myotus. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file

Islamic Cultural Center E96 jeh. — Jim.henderson. Public domain. Source · Original image file

Masjid Al-Jamia Green Door. — Kabobqueen. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file

Masjid Al-Jamia Building. — Kabobqueen. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file

Zaytuna College. — ImmrtlDuk. CC0. Source · Original image file

The Idriss Mosque in Seattle’s Northgate neighborhood. — Joe Mabel. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file

An exterior view of Seattle’s Idriss Mosque. — Joe Mabel. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file

Detail of the entrance to Seattle’s Idriss Mosque. — Joe Mabel. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file

King Hassan II of Morocco inside the Islamic Center with others, during his visit to Washington, D.C. — Marion S. Trikosko. Public domain. Source · Original image file

Tempe Islamic Community Center, photographed for reporting on its August 2017 open house. Photo: Fortesa Latifi/Cronkite News. — Fortesa Latifi/Cronkite News. CC BY-ND 4.0. Source · Original image file

Imam Anas Hlayhel led the August 2017 open-house event at Tempe Islamic Community Center. Photo: Fortesa Latifi/Cronkite News. — Fortesa Latifi/Cronkite News. CC BY-ND 4.0. Source · Original image file

Ahmed Zewail photographed in 2010. — Simon Fraser University – University Communications. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file

Dar al-Islam Mosque in Abiquiu, New Mexico, photographed in 2005. — Omar Bárcena. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file

Ayub Ommaya, center, with Stephen J. Kennedy and Col. Sven A. Bach, pictured in Army Research and Development, April 1966. — Office of the Chief, Research and Development, U.S. Army. Public domain (U.S. government). Source · Original image file

Aziz Sancar at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in December 2015. — Holger Motzkau / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file

Shahid Khan at a Jacksonville Jaguars game in September 2015. — Keith Allison. CC BY-SA 2.0. Source · Original image file

The Islamic Society of North America headquarters in Plainfield, Indiana, photographed in 2008. Photo: Baxter1961 / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. — Baxter1961. CC BY 3.0. Source · Original image file

Farouk El-Baz, right, teaches lunar orbital geology to Ronald Evans while Robert Overmyer looks on, October 1972. — NASA. Public domain. Source · Original image file

Chicago’s John Hancock Center, photographed in August 1979. Its exterior diagonal braces reveal the structural approach developed by Fazlur Rahman Khan and his colleagues. — Nicolas G. Mertens. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file

UMMA Health staff, including chief strategy officer Leigh Stenberg, at the Constituent Service Fair at Holmes Avenue School in South Los Angeles, March 28, 2025. Photo: Brandon Muth/Cronkite News. — Brandon Muth / Cronkite News. CC BY-ND 4.0; Cronkite News permits use of staff photos in original coverage with attribution. Source · Original image file

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar speaking to young people in Salvador, Brazil, as a U.S. cultural ambassador on January 24, 2012. This photograph shows his diplomatic work, not Camp Skyhook. — U.S. Department of State. Public domain — U.S. Department of State official photograph. Source · Original image file

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and President George W. Bush at the White House Black Music Month celebration, June 26, 2006. — Eric Draper / White House. Public domain — official White House photograph. Source · Original image file

Rana el Kaliouby speaking at Web Summit in Dublin, November 2015. — Cody Glenn / SPORTSFILE / Web Summit. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file

Malcolm X in March 1964. — By Marion S. Trikosko [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Source · Original image file

Mother Mosque of America Cedar Rapids IA. — RifeIdeas. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file

Ahmed Zewail photographed in 2010. — Simon Fraser University – University Communications. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file

Abdul-Rasheed Muhammad receives lieutenant-colonel rank at the Main Post Chapel, in a photograph published by the Army in June 2009. Credit: U.S. Army. — U.S. Army. U.S. Army public information; reuse permitted unless otherwise specified; no third-party credit on this photograph. Source · Original image file

Shahid Khan at a Jacksonville Jaguars game in September 2015. — Keith Allison. CC BY-SA 2.0. Source · Original image file

Sacramento Kings players, including Shareef Abdur-Rahim, warm up at Oracle Arena in Oakland on December 12, 2006. This is a photograph of his playing career, not a Future Foundation program. — Eugene Kim. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file

Ibtihaj Muhammad at the 2013 World Fencing Championships in Budapest. — Marie-Lan Nguyen / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 3.0. Source · Original image file

Hena Khan at the Gaithersburg Book Festival, May 2023. — Frypie. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file

Zaytuna College’s campus building in Berkeley, California, photographed in July 2025. — ImmrtlDuk. CC0. Source · Original image file

President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Immigration Act of 1965 on October 3, 1965. — Yoichi Okamoto / LBJ Presidential Library. Public domain in the United States. Source · Original image file

Engraved portrait of Abdul Rahman Ibrahima Sori, published in 1834. — Thomas Illman after Henry Inman / Library of Congress. Public domain in the United States. Source · Original image file

Historical portrait of Alexander Russell Webb. — Wikimedia Commons. Public domain in the United States. Source · Original image file

Arabic letter by Ayuba Suleiman Diallo. — Ayuba Suleiman Diallo / British Library via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Source · Original image file

Page of the Bilali Document in Arabic. — Bilali Mohammed / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Source · Original image file

Portrait of Omar ibn Said, circa 1855. — Unattributed / UNC University Libraries via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain in the United States. Source · Original image file

Page of the Bilali Document in Arabic. — Bilali Mohammed / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Source · Original image file

Ibtihaj Muhammad at the 2013 World Fencing Championships in Budapest. — Marie-Lan Nguyen / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 3.0. Source · Original image file

Ibtihaj Muhammad fences Małgorzata Kozaczuk in Orléans in 2014. — Marie-Lan Nguyen / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 3.0. Source · Original image file

Islamic Center of Washington - 2551 Massachusetts Avenue NW. — AgnosticPreachersKid. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file

Worshipers at the Islamic Center of Washington, D.C. — U.S. Information Agency. Public domain. Source · Original image file

Islamic Center of Washington 1954 by UPI. — United Press International. Public domain. Source · Original image file

Malcolm X in March 1964. — By Marion S. Trikosko [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Source · Original image file

Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X in March 1964. — Marion S. Trikosko, Public Domain. Public domain. Source · Original image file

Mother Mosque of America Cedar Rapids IA. — RifeIdeas. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file

Muhammad Ali. — Ira Rosenberg. Public domain. Source · Original image file

Elijah Muhammad and Cassius Clay. — New York World-Telegram and the Sun staff photographer: Wolfson, Stanley, photographer.. Public domain. Source · Original image file

Portrait of Omar ibn Said, circa 1855. — Unattributed / UNC University Libraries via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain in the United States. Source · Original image file

Warith Deen Mohammed holding a Qur’an in 1977. — United Press International / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain in the United States. Source · Original image file

Official portrait of André Carson, July 2009. Credit: United States Congress; public domain. — United States Congress. Public domain — U.S. federal government work. Source · Original image file

Official portrait of Rashad Hussain. Credit: U.S. Department of State; public domain. — U.S. Department of State. Public domain — U.S. federal government work. Source · Original image file

Amna Nawaz moderating a conversation at the Texas Tribune Festival in Austin, September 2022. — Larry D. Moore. CC BY 4.0. Source · Original image file

G. Willow Wilson, photographed in 2018. — GeeWillow1. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file

Hena Khan at the Gaithersburg Book Festival, May 2023. — Frypie. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file